NYC 9/11 Public Portal Document
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■ Hilimann Environmental Group, LLC
■ SECTION 3— SAMPLING PARAMETERS AND METHODOLOGY
■ 3.1 General. Hillmann's air and dust sampling had been conducted in response to the client's concerns
over possible exposure to asbestos fibers by contractors and employees conducting cleanup and
restoration work at the Hotel. As a result, air and dust samples were collected in a number of locations
throughout the Hotel.
• The inspection and sampling was performed by trained industrial hygienists, using Environmental
■ Protection Agency (EPA) and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) sampling
techniques. Sampling was conducted either by a Certified Industrial Hygienist, a New York City DEP
■ Certified Asbestos Investigator or a New York State Certified Asbestos Inspector. Samples were
analyzed at an ELAP and NVLAP accredited laboratory.
3.2 Sampling and Analysis Parameters and Methodology. The following sampling parameters and
analysis methodologies were used to determine airborne asbestos concentrations and asbestos content in
dust/ debris samples. Hillmann selected the sampling parameters based on federal, state and local
regulations, consultations with the client, the laboratories performing the analysis and our in-house
experts.
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I. Airborne Asbestos fiber concentrations were determined by drawing air through a 25 mm PCM
or TEM cassette, for a minimum volume of 580 Liters. Samples were then analyzed by either Phase
Contrast Microscopy (PCM) or Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The analysis was conducted
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by an appropriately accredited laboratory, in accordance with NIOSH Methods 582 and 7402. Hilmann
technicians collecting samples were all New York State certified project monitors or air sampling
technicians.
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A) Phase Contrast Microscopy — The air samples analyzed by PCM report the average number
of fibers per cubic centimeter of air sampled. The fiber concentration established by New
York City as acceptable for the re-occupancy of an area is 0.01 fibers per cubic centimeter
(f/cc). Fibers are defined by NIOSH as any particle greater than 5 um in length with at least a
5:1 length to width aspect ratio. NIOSH believes that this is a reliable method for quantifying
airborne levels of asbestos fibers. However, this method is not exclusively a measurement of
U asbestos concentration. A number of other materials meet the criteria of a fiber and are also
counted by this method without differentiation. To confidently characterize fibers as asbestos
U structures, TEM, a more stringent analytical method is required.
B) Transmission Electron Microscopy — The air samples analyzed by TEM report the number
of asbestos structures per cubic centimeter of air and square millimeter of filter media. This
analysis is capable of determining both the concentration of asbestos structures and the type
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of asbestos mineral identified in the sample. This is the most accurate method of analysis
commonly available. The OSHA and New York City regulations have set the acceptable
level of asbestos at any number less than 70 structures per millimeter of filter media.
U If an air sample analyzed by PCM was found to exceed the acceptable re-occupancy level, the same
sample was subsequently analyzed by TEM to positively classify the fibers as asbestos. Using this
combination of methods, Hillmann was able to determine whether acceptable air quality with respect to
asbestos was being attained
Marriott World Financial Center/Project Number YI-3508
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NYC-WTC 000131158
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