NYC 9/11 Public Portal Document
chemical on the surface is negligible, and that the chemical is available on the surface for the
entire exposure duration (that is, that the chemical on a surface is not carried away each time the
surface is touched). It is assumed that there is a maximum amount of chemical that can be
deposited on skin (a maximum Ds) in a single day, but that maximum Ds is unknown.
Therefore, this method tends to be conservatively biased with respect to oral and dermal
exposure. If inhalation exposure is to be considered, the volatilized amount should be subtracted
before estimating the amount available for dermal transfer.
Although these equations are limited by the above assumptions, they are basically sound in
theory. The difficulty is in defining the specific inputs to the equations, since some of the input
parameters have very little or no experimentally determined values in literature. Assessments
usually rely on professional judgment.
The daily dose (Do and Dd above) is converted to a probability of carcinogenic risk by
multiplying it by a carcinogenic slope factor (CSF). The CSF is a chemical-specific value
indicating the risk per intake dose of that chemical.
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The screening values developed for each potential indicator chemical are shown in five tables.
Following each table is a summary of any contaminant-specific assumptions that were made in
developing benchmark values.
NYC-WTC_000164845
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