VOC sampling locations table for Ground Zero area, Jan 2002

NYC 9/11 Public Portal Document

exposure-related alterations in the mucosal tissues lined by 9. Summary. Results from investigation of the respiratory or olfactory epithelium in the more distal tissue effects of nose-only exposure to the WTC3 sample sections examined (T2 and T3). indicate that WTC3 PM25 induced mild transitory The only nasal alterations observed by light neutrophilic inflammation in proximal nasal airways of microscopic examination was minimal to mild acute, focal some mice, but WTC3 PM2 5 did not induce neutrophilic inflammation (rhinitis) in four of the eight mice exposed inflammation in the lungs of any mice. However, numbers to WTC3 PM2 5 and killed 24 h post-exposure (animal # of macrophages were significantly increased after 161,162,163,164). This minimal inflammatory response exposure, suggesting that some WTC3 PM2 5 penetrated was bilateral and restricted to the most proximal tissue into the lower respiratory tract, which stimulated section examined (Tl). It was characterized by a slight recruitment of macrophages to phagocytize and clear the increase in the number of neutrophils in the mucosal particulate matter. Biochemical parameters of lung injury tissues lining the lateral meatus, especially in the ventral were not increased at all by WTC3. The data suggested lateral meatus, the dorsomedial aspect of the proximal that individual mice in this outbred strain may be sensitive maxilloturbinate, and the ventral aspect of the proximal to the immediate effects of WTC3 exposure and respond nasoturbinate in both nasal passages. It must be with increased airway obstruction, although this effect was emphasized, however, that the severity ofthis focal rhinitis not significant for the group as a whole. Groups of mice was minimal to mild (i.e., severity score of 1 or 2 out of 4). exposed to Air or WTC3 PM25 differed in their In addition, there were no associated histologic alterations responsiveness to Meh aerosol at different times after in the surface epithelium or in the subepithelial tissues in exposure, but the biological significance of these results the affected areas. In mouse #162 there was a small was unclear. The dose deposited in the respiratory tract accumulation of mucus and fiber-like material in the following nose-only inhalation may be estimated as lateral meatus of one nasal passage in Tl. follows: 18.8 ml/min (mouse minute ventilation based on In summary, some but not all mice exposed to WTC3 weight; Costa et al., 1992) x 300 min (exposure time) x and killed 1 day after exposure had a minimal acute 0.001 L/ml X 0.001 mVL x 10.64 mg/m’ (exposure rhinitis that was restricted to the proximal nasal airways. concentration) x 1000 pg/mg x 0.23 (deposition efficiency This minimal inflammatory response was probably due to estimate in total respiratory tract) » 14 pg. Thus, the stimulation by the WTC3 exposure. This stimulation, significant difference in dose deposited into the airways however, did not result in any apparent epithelial cell between oropharyngeal aspiration (100 pg) and nose-only injury that is often observed with many inhaled agents. No inhalation probably accounts for the lack of effect in many nasal lesions were observed in mice exposed to WTC3 and of the endpoints examined following nose-only inhalation killed 3 or 6 days post-exposure. This suggests that any exposure. acute inflammation that may have been induced by the dust exposure quickly resolved and did not result in any D. Experiment C: Effect of Geographical Location of persistent injury to the nasal mucosa that could be detected WTC PM Samples on Responses by light microscopy. /. Sub-experiments and body weights. WTC PMj 5 8. Lung histopathology. No remarkable findings samples from 7 different sites comprised the pooled were observed in any of the mice exposed to Air or to WTCX sample (Figure 1, Table 1). The effects of the WTC3 at any time point. Since nasal lesions as described pooled sample may have been dominated by one or more above were restricted to the proximal Tl region and were site samples which were toxic in comparison with other not found in the more distal T2 and T3 regions, the lack of site samples. Experiment C was designed to address this any findings in the lung suggests that the proximal region possibility and to examine the variability of pulmonary of the nose effectively scrubbed out enough of the responses associated with WTC PMj 5 samples collected particulate matter during the exposure to WTC3 to limit from different geographical locations. The 7 sites were deposition further down the respiratory tract. It should be located east (WTC 11 - 0.1 miles, WTC8 - 0.4 miles), noted that mice are obligate nose-breathers, while humans southeast (WTC 13-0.1 miles, WTCF - 0.25 miles), south have significant oral breathing, and therefore significantly (WTCB - 0.25 miles), west-northwest (WTCC - 0.2 miles), more PM can bypass the nasal passages in humans and north-northeast (WTCE - 0.25 miles) from the center (Schlesinger, 1985). Studies have shown considerably less point of Ground Zero. Sub-experiment Cl examined deposition efficiency in the alveolar region of rodents responses to WTC8, WTC 13, WTCF, NIST, and Saline compared with humans (Asgharian et al., 1995). control mice. Sub-experiment C2 examined responses to WTC 11, WTCB, WTCC, WTCE, and Saline control mice.

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NYC-WTC_000149174