VOC sampling locations table for Ground Zero area, Jan 2002

NYC 9/11 Public Portal Document

and calcium carbonate (calcite). Together these salts Table 7. Experiment A: Diffusing Capacity of the Lung for compose about two-thirds of WTC PM53 on a weight Carbon Monoxide (DLCO) ° percent basis. Given the prevalent use of gypsum in Sub-experiment: Al A2 A5 ceiling tiles and wallboard, and the ease with which these Date: 11/6/01 11/8/01 12/6/01 Mean SEM building materials can be crumbled into dust, the high Treatment Group n=3 gypsum content is reasonable. Elemental analysis Saline -3.474 -3.610 -4.510 -3.865 0.325 indicates that the other main components of WTC PM are MSH-100 -3.734 -3.944 -4.338 -4.005 0.177 construction materials such as cement and concrete ROFA-10 -3.904 -3.597 -3.928 -3.810 0.107 aggregate. The elemental composition of WTC PM2.5 was ROFA-100 -4.015 -3.089 -4.293 -3.799 0.364 consistent with that of sieved unfiactionated WTC PM53 WTCX-10 -2.759 -3.811 -4.301 -3.624 0.455 (as WTC3, Table 5). Carbon and metal content of the WTCX-31.6 -4.051 -3.338 -4.014 -3.801 0.232 WTC samples were low, as expected from crustal-derived WTCX-100 -3.551 -4.433 -4.299 -4.094 0.275 building materials (McKetta, 1978). A more complete “ Diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide was determined chemical and physical analysis of dust samples has one day after exposure on four mice from each treatment group, placed recently been reported by the U.S. Geological Survey together in a single bell jar, in order to rapidly assess DLCO and (USGS, 2002). In that study, dust samples were collected reduce individual variability. Values shown are slopes of chamber from undisturbed locations within a 1 km radius of the [CO] vs. time (ppm/min), after subtraction of value from empty WTC site on September 17 and 18,2001 (after the rain of chamber. No significant differences among any treatment groups were detected. September 14,2001). The present report generally agrees with the findings of the USGS study, including the alkaline nature of the WTC PM extracts. Mice were exposed by oropharyngeal aspiration with PM2.5 samples of pooled WTC sample X (10, 31.6, or 100 B. Experiment A: Dose-Response Relationships of , gg), MSH (100 ug), ROFA (10 or 100 gg), or saline on WTC PM2 5 day zero. In sub-experiments Al, A2, and A5, immediate 1. Body weights and immediate airway responses. airway responses were determined on day 0, and DLCO Table 8. Experiment A: BAL Parameters (Day 1). “ Group BAL Cell Number (x IQ-^I Protein LDH Albumin NAG Mac Eos Neut Lym ug/ml U/L ug/ml U/L Saline 18.80 0.02 0.23 0.10 155.2 29.8 21.8 2.2 4.05 0.02 0.02 6.8 2.1 1.2 0.4 MSH-100 27.78 0.07 1 0.78 I 0.18 168.8 27.8 22.3 2.0 5.96 0.03 L_o.^ J 0.05 8.8 1.7 1.2 0.4 ROFA-10 27.36 0.00 0.21 0.18 157.9 32.3 20.8 3.1 2.70 0.00 0.05 • 0.07 5.3 1.2 0.9 0.4 ROFA-100 28.69 0.16 pziri 0.42 279.5 93.2 39.2 7.9 3.98 0.06 I 2.44 I 0 09 16 8 10,3 2.8 1.2 WTCX-10 22.28 0.00 0.09 0.14 153.7 30.4 20.8 1.9 4.03 0.00 0.02 0.04 4.3 1.8 0.8 0.3 WTCX-31.6 31.36 0.01 0.37 0.21 160.2 33.6 21.7 1.8 7.73 0.01 0.03 6.3 1.6 1.3 0.2 WTCX-100 20.48 0.06 \ 1-43 I 0.23 161.4 33.7 21.3 2.3 1.73 0.03 L_0.24 J 0.04 4.8 2.1 1.0 0.3 Values shown are means (in bold) and SEM immediately below means (n= 12 per group). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell numbers and proteins were recovered 1 day after exposure. Cell types shown are macrophages and monocytes (Mac), eosinophils (Eos), neutrophils (Neut), and lymphocytes (Lym). Total protein, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), albumin, and N-acetyl-3-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) were measured in BAL fluid supernatant Values within solid-line boxes indicate significantly greater values in ROFA-100 mice vs. Saline mice (JP < 0.05). Values with dashed-line boxes indicate significantly greater values (P < 0.05) compared with Saline mice (excluding ROFA-100 data which generally had much larger variances than other groups).

19

NYC-WTC_000149162