VOC sampling locations table for Ground Zero area, Jan 2002

NYC 9/11 Public Portal Document

low background levels. These filters are all produced for protection of animals. air particulate sampling and are commonly used for In all experiments, mice were randomly assigned to chemical analysis since their background chemical levels exposure groups based on weights. The weight are negligible relative to the mass of samples amoimts in randomization program (RandomVB) was developed in­ this study. ICP-AES and ICP-MS analyses were house, validated, and documented in operating procedure performed by the National Health and Environmental OP-NHEERL-H/ETD/IEG/97/18/01 (Animal Effects Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC. randomization using a personal computer). The program 4. Ion chromatography (IC) of deionized water takes all animal weights and ranks them from lowest to extracts. Deionized water extracts from the ICP sample highest. A group mean and standard deviation is prep as described above were analyzed quantitatively for calculated for all animals. The number of animals per anion and cation content using IC (DX-500, Dionex, group and the number of groups is entered. The numbers Sunnyvale, CA). The ASH column was used for anion of animals available at 1, 2, or 3 standard deviations (SD) analysis and the CS12 column was used for cation are calculated. The user then selects the lowest SD which analysis. IC analysis was performed by ManTech contains the required niunber of animals for the study. All Environmental, an onsite contractor for the National outliers are eliminated. Additional animals are then Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, eliminated to fit into the required number for the study. NC. Animals are then randomized by weight into the required groups. All animals are accounted for and reasons why F. Experimental Animals and Weight Randomization. they were not selected are displayed. The weight Young adult (7 week old) female CD-I mice (an randomization program was used to identify the groups of outbred strain) were obtained from Charles River Breeding 4 mice which are housed together in a single plastic cage. Laboratory (Crl:CD-l® (ICR) BR) in Raleigh, NC or Within each cage, mice were individually identified by 1 Portage, MI (the latter used in Experiment A5 only). An to 4 marks applied to the base of the tail with a Sharpie outbred strain was chosen because results from any permanent ink marker (Sanford, Bellwood IL). Different specific inbred strain might be applicable only to that experimental groups were identified with different colors strain. CD-I mice were selected since researchers in the (e.g. saline control mice - green marks, etc.). In addition Experimental Toxicology Division of the U.S. EPA have the cage cards were marked to identify the experimental extensive experience with this strain, while females were group. Marks remained evident for at least two days chosen for. convenience so that they could be housed which was long enough to identify mice at 24 hr together in groups corresponding to treatment. The health termination points. In cases where mice were killed more screening report of mice from the colony accompanied than 2 days after the initial marking, the tails were each shipment of animals and was evaluated to determine remarked where necessary because of excessive fading. if there were pathogens detected in the colony which could Mice were weighed at the time of randomization, again potentially affect responses. In all shipments, no immediately before exposure if randomization occurred pathogens were detected which could affect respiratory before the day of exposure, and whenever one group of responses. Mice were housed in plastic cages on beta-chip mice was killed. bedding in groups of 4 per cage in room JJ-4 of the animal colony of the Environmental Research Center, Research G. Toxicological Endpoints: Experimental Design. Triangle Park, NC. Food (Prolab RMH 3000) and water The toxicity of WTC PM2 5 samples was assessed in were provide ad libitum and cages were changed at least three separate experiments, designated Experiments A, B, twice a week. Mice were maintained on a 12 hr light/dark and C. Experiment A was designed to study the dose­ cycle at approximately 22 °C and 50% relative humidity in response characteristics of the pooled sample of WTC PM our AAALAC-approved facility, and held for a minimum (WTCX) in comparison with ROFA (toxic control), MSH of 5 days before treatment. Monthly sentinel screens were (low toxicity control), and saline vehicle control. negative for sendai, mouse hepatitis virus, mycoplasma Experiment B was designed to study the responses pulmonis, CARbacillus, parvovirus, endo- and ecto­ associated with nose-only inhalation exposure of WTC3 parasites, and pinworms. Protocols used in this study were PMj 5 in comparison with the responses of mice exposed reviewed and approved by the EPA Institutional Animal to air only. Experiment C was designed to compare toxic Care and Use Committee (Laboratory Animal Project responses of WTC PM2 5 from individual sites with each Review number 02-03-003 with amendments), and were other and with NIST 1649a. conducted using national guidelines for the care and In all experiments, a group size of 8 was selected

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