NYC 9/11 Public Portal Document
1.3 Development of Clearance Criteria for Lead
At the time the study was initiated, COPC benchmarks were established for all contaminants
except lead. Initially, the clearance criterion used for lead was 0.1 pg/m^, which was based on
an estimated national background concentration. Risk-based clearance criteria for lead in indoor
air provide a means to evaluate the effectiveness of the WTC residential cleaning program.
Information on background concentrations of lead in indoor air also informs attainment of cleanup
objectives. Background information has been obtained from historical information on ambient air
lead concentrations in urban environments, and will be further refined with data from a site
specific background study being conducted as part of the WTC Dust Cleanup Program.
Primary Qearaoce Criteria Used to Determine Reoccupancy
__
___ N/A
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) 0.2 pg/m^
1 gg/n? 25pg/fe
(micro vacuum comparison
value 25 pg/tf)
■KI,*
N/A
Alpha^uartz (0.001 mg/m^ - 0,004 mg/m^ based on 0.004 mg/m^ WA
analytical methods)
EPA’s risk assessment methodology for lead has been advanced through use of a biokinetic
model’ that incorporates a biomarker of exposure/effect (blood lead) and multimedia exposure
modeling. Through use of this model EPA identifies a goal of reducing environmental lead
exposure so that 95 percent of childhood blood lead levels are below 10 pg/dl. This goal is
accomplished when the airborne lead concentration is set at 1 pg/m’, and input values for all other
sources of environmental lead exposure (e.g., water, soil, dust, diet) are set at background
concentrations.
® U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (September, 2002). World Trade Center Indoor Air
Assessment: Selecting Contaminants of Concern and Setting Health-Based Benchmarks. Values have been
excerpted from this draft report.
’U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (Februaiy, 1994). Guidance Manualfor the Integrated
Exposure Uptake Biokinetic Modelfor Lead in Children. (OSWEREPA/540/R/93/081).
6
NYC-WTC_000145704
OCR can misread numbers and units. Confirm readings against the page image before using them.