VOC sampling locations table for Ground Zero area, Jan 2002

NYC 9/11 Public Portal Document

Figure 15. (previous page.) Experiment C: Airway comparison with Saline Cl mice on both Day 1 and Day responsiveness to methacholine aerosol challenge in mice 3 after oropharyngeal aspiration {P = 0.0001). exposed to saline vehicle, NIST 1649a, or WTC PM samples Lymphocyte numbers significantly increased in all groups from individual collection sites and tested 1 or 3 days later (n from Day 1 to Day 3 (P = 0.0001). Since there were = 8 per group except Saline sub-experiment C2: n = 4). A significant interactions between day and treatment with single regression equation was fit to the data for both days in respect to eosinophil numbers (P = 0.01), no significant each group. * In sub-experiment Cl (left panels), a common differences among groups could be discerned. Although equation could be fit to the WTC8, WTCF, and NIST data, a significant difference in macrophage numbers was and the slope of the line was significantly different from and detected in the WTC 13 group compared with saline, it was greater than the slopes of the WTCB and Saline Cl very marginal and not considered biologically significant. equations. *’ In sub-experiment Cl (left panels), the slope of the equation for the WTC 13 group was significantly different In sub-experiment C2, significant increases in from and greater than the slope for the Saline Cl group. ' In neutrophils and eosinophils were found in WTCll and sub-experiment C2 (right panels), a common equation could WTCE mice compared with Saline C2 mice. The average be fit to the WTCl 1, WTCB, WTCC, and WTCE data, and number of neutrophils in these 2 WTC groups was the slope of the line was significantly different from and comparable to those found in the WTCB and WTCF greater than the slope of the Saline C2 equation. groups in sub-experiment Cl. In addition, numbers of neutrophils and eosinophils were significantly greater in WTCE mice compared with WTCB mice. Neutrophils WTCF, and NIST mice. numbers declined from Day 1 to Day 3 (P = 0.0001). It In sub-experiment C2, the WTCl 1, WTCB, WTCC, should be noted that of the four mice in the Saline C2 Day and WTCE groups could all be described with a common 1 group, two had unusually high neutrophil numbers slope and intercept, which was similar to that found for (individual numbers; 0.15, 0.26, 3.15, and 5.79 x 10“ WTC8, WTCF, and NIST groups in sub-experiment Cl. neutrophils), which limited the ability to determine The common slope of the 4 WTC groups was significantly significant increases in neutrophils in mice exposed to different from and greater than that of the Saline C2 group WTC PM samples in sub-experiment C2. The reasons for (P = 0.001), indicating that WTCl 1, WTCB, WTCC, and this significant inflammatory response in two control mice WTCE were hyperresponsive to methacholine aerosol. are not apparent, but this finding does not detract from the In general, these results are consistent with those from overall conclusion that PM collected from specific Experiment A, where the 100 pg dose of the pooled locations near the WTC site caused significant WTCX sample induced significant hyperresponsiveness to inflammation of neutrophils and eosinophils. methacholine aerosol compared with control PM samples These results differ substantially from those found in and saline. All but one of the WTC PM samples, as well Experiment A, where 100 pg of pooled WTCX induced as the NIST control PM, appeared to cause similar degrees only a mild neutrophilic response in the lung one day after of hyperresponsiveness. However, the WTC 13 sample, oropharyngeal aspiration (average 1.43 x 10“). Some located just 0.1 miles southeast of Ground Zero, caused a WTC individual site samples (WTCF, WTCB, WTCl 1, lower degree of hyperresponsiveness compared with WTCE) caused about 4 times the amount of neutrophil WTC8, WTCF, and NIST. recruitment as WTCX, while the others (WTC8, WTCB, 3. BAL cells. After assessment of responsiveness to WTCC) caused about twice as much recruitment. It is not Meh aerosol, mice were killed and numbers of BAL cells clear how the individual site samples could all cause more were quantified (Table 19; Figure 16). In sub-experiment lung inflammation than the pooled WTCX sample which C1, significant increases in numbers of neutrophils on Day was composed of the individual site samples. This finding 1 were found in all PM-exposed groups compared with may be a result of significant differences in responsiveness Saline Cl mice. An average of 14.7 x 10'* neutrophils was of different lots of mice sent on different weeks, which we recovered from NIST mice (45% of total BAL cells). have found with some studies of other toxic inhalants. Significantly lower numbers of neutrophils were found in Additionally, although these mice were lavaged after Meh WTCB (6.1 x 10“) and WTCF (6.9 x 10“) mice, while challenge, our experience has shown that the challenge numbers of neutrophils were lower still in WTC8 mice itself does not induce cellular inflammation that might (3.2 X 10“). The neutrophilic response abated by Day 3, account for the observations made here. To adequately and there were no significant differences among the 5 address this question, pooled WTCX and individual site groups. Numbers of lymphocytes were significantly samples would need to be tested together in the same increased in WTC8, WTCB, WTCF, and NIST mice in experiment.

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